San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway

The San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway (reporting mark SDAE) is a short-line American railroad originally founded in 1906 as the San Diego and Arizona Railway (SD&A) by sugar heir, developer, and entrepreneur John D. Spreckels. Dubbed The Impossible Railroad by many engineers of its day due to the immense logistical challenges involved, the line was established in part to provide San Diego with a direct rail link to the east by connecting with the Southern Pacific Railroad lines in El Centro, California. The SD&A's 146.4-mile (235.61 km) route originates in San Diego, California and terminates in El Centro, California.

The SD&AE utilizes approximately 108 miles (174 km) of the original SD&A system, broken into four unique segments as follows:

1. The Blue Line runs south from San Diego, California to San Ysidro, California (15.5 miles / 24.94 kilometres in length).
2. The Desert Line runs northeast from Tijuana, Mexico to Plaster City, California (69.9 miles / 112.49 kilometres total length).
3. The Green Line runs south from San Diego, California to Santee, California (7.2 miles / 11.59 kilometres total length).
4. The Orange Line runs east from San Diego, California to La Mesa, California (16.1 miles / 25.91 kilometres total length).

The company took over the SD&A's operations in February 1933 after financial troubles led John Spreckels' descendants to sell off their interests in the railroad to the Southern Pacific. Throughout the years natural disasters and acts of vandalism rendered sections of the line unserviceable, and portions of the line have been sold off to various interests.

In 1979 the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System purchased the SD&AE railway for the purpose of establishing the San Diego Trolley, an inter county light rail passenger line. The San Diego Trolley carry over 35 million riders annually. The remaining unused track into Imperial County is used for freight.

As of May 2004, freight operations are conducted by the Carrizo Gorge Railway (CZRY) and the San Diego and Imperial Valley Railroad (SD&IV).

The San Diego Model Railroad Museum maintains representations of the SD&AE's operations in both HO scale (1:87) and N scale (1:160).

Timeline

• October 24, 1932: Financial problems force Spreckels' heirs to transfer their share of San Diego and Arizona (SD&A) ownership to the Southern Pacific Transportation Company for $2.8 million.
• February 1, 1933: The San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway is incorporated and assumes all operations of the SD&A.
• 1934: Operation of the three gasoline-electric units is discontinued.
• January 11, 1951: The SD&AE ends passenger service due to years of declining patronage.
• May 20, 1970: The Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) relinquishes its interest in the 44-mile (71 km) Tijuana and Tecate Railway to one of Mexico's national railways, Ferrocarril Sonora Baja California, S.A. de C.V.
• September 10, 1976: Hurricane Kathleen destroys major sections of track and bridges on the Desert Line.
• 1978: The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) denies SP’s request to abandon the railway.
• August 20, 1979: San Diego's Metropolitan Transit Development Board (MTDB) purchases the SD&AE Railway Company in restored condition for $18.1 million (the SP retains ownership to the Plaster City to El Centro segment). The ICC approves operation of freight service by Kyle Railways under contract to MTDB. The MTDB reorganizes the SD&AE as a Nevada nonprofit corporation.
• January 1980: Washouts caused by desert storms displace parts of the SD&AE Desert Line and S-BC Tijuana y Tecate lines, on both US and Mexico.
• January 1983: With the Mexico damage repaired, Kyle Railways begins rail shipments between San Diego and Plaster City.
• June 18, 1983: Fire destroys two (2) bridges on the Desert Line.
• March 18, 1984: The MTDB signs agreement with the Texas firm RailTex to provide freight service. The new service operates as the San Diego and Imperial Valley Railroad (SD&IV) with the reporting mark SDIV.
• April 25, 1984: The ICC denies Kyle Railways’ request to abandon the railroad.
• August 9, 1984: The ICC approves RailTex’s application to operate freight service.
• October 15, 1984: RailTex's San Diego and Imperial Valley Railroad begins freight service from San Diego to El Cajon and San Diego to San Ysidro during nighttime hours when MTS' San Diego Trolley's LRV's are not in operation.
• December 1, 1985: La Mesa based Pacific Southwest Railway Museum, Association, Inc. (PSRM) reincarnates the San Diego & Arizona Railway (SD&A) and begins vintage 16-mile (26 km) roundtrip passenger excursion Golden State round-trips trips on the its facility in Campo between Campo to Miller Creek and/or Division with steam and diesel vintage trains.
• August 1, 1986: The SD&IV enters into a multi-year agreement with Mexico's Secretaria de Comunicaciones y Transportes to set tariffs and provide freight service into Baja California.
• July 1, 1987: Ferrocarril Sonora-Baja California, S.A. de C.V. and major Mexican Railroads merge into a single system, the last nationalization is made into the new Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Mexico (FNM)
• October 10, 1987 PSRM is invited by the city of Tecate to run a special train from Campo to Tecate, for the city's fair. The event is a success, and 'Ticket to Tecate' excursion trains become regular once or twice a month.
• July 14, 1989: SD&IV begins repairs on the 'Desert Line' as a prelude to the start of freight service to Imperial County.
• August 2, 1996: Southern Pacific (SP) is bought by Union Pacific (UP).
• July 4, 1997: Lakeside based Carrizo Gorge Railway, Inc. is formed to operate and repair the Desert Line.
• 2000: FNM is privatized and Tijuana-Tecate line's ownership is transferred to SCT, and is assigned to be administrated by the state of Baja California, 'Administradora de la Via Corta Tijuana-Tecate (ADMICARGA)' is created.
• January 4, 2000: RailTex is acquired by RailAmerica and the railroad's reporting mark is changed to SDIY.
• July 1, 2001: The Mexican portion of the line is sub-contracted to Ferrocarriles Peninsulares del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V. (FPDN), a subsidiary of Carrizo Gorge Railway, Inc. (CZRY), after 16 years of operation in Mexico, RailTex's SD&IV retires.
• May 15, 2004: With repairs to Tunnels 8 and 16 complete and destroyed bridges rebuilt including the Goat Canyon Trestle, the CZRY officially reopens freight service to Plaster City and the Union Pacific Railroad interchange. Major shipments of sand from the Imperial Valley are used to supply ready-mixed concrete to the San Diego construction markets, and other carloads into Mexico as well, such as lumber and grain.
• April 20, 2005: Tierra Madre Consultants create Tierra Madre Railway which buys a caboose (TMRX 1) and leases it to Tren Turistico del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V., a tourist train that will operate from Tijuana to Tecate and from Mexicali to Puerto Penasco.
• October 10, 2008: The Carrizo Gorge Railway has placed an embargo on the line between Campo and Plaster City, which takes effect on October 17, 2009. The embargo involves a major rehabilitation project for the railway's support on the Government of Baja California's project on the Port of Ensenada's intermodal terminal.
• January, 2010: Tunnel 3 (Division) is damaged by a fire, preventing 'Ticket to Tecate' trips at that time.

See also

• Carrizo Gorge Railway
• San Diego and Arizona Railway
• San Diego Electric Railway
• San Diego and Imperial Valley Railroad
• San Diego Trolley

References

• Hanft, Robert M. (1984). San Diego & Arizona: The Impossible Railroad. Trans-Anglo Books, Glendale, CA. ISBN 0-87046-071-4.